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Orbits Around Black Holes in Triaxial Nuclei

机译:绕三轴核中的黑洞轨道运行

摘要

We discuss the properties of orbits within the influence sphere of asupermassive black hole (BH), in the case that the surrounding star cluster isnonaxisymmetric. There are four major orbit families; one of these, the pyramidorbits, have the interesting property that they can approach arbitrarilyclosely to the BH. We derive the orbit-averaged equations of motion and showthat in the limit of weak triaxiality, the pyramid orbits are integrable: themotion consists of a two-dimensional libration of the major axis of the orbitabout the short axis of the triaxial figure, with eccentricity varying as afunction of the two orientation angles, and reaching unity at the corners.Because pyramid orbits occupy the lowest angular momentum regions of phasespace, they compete with collisional loss cone repopulation and with resonantrelaxation in supplying matter to BHs. General relativistic advance of theperiapse dominates the precession for sufficiently eccentric orbits, and weshow that relativity imposes an upper limit to the eccentricity: roughly thevalue at which the relativistic precession time is equal to the time fortorques to change the angular momentum. We argue that this upper limit to theeccentricity should apply also to evolution driven by resonant relaxation, withpotentially important consequences for the rate of extreme-mass-ratio inspiralsin low-luminosity galaxies. In giant galaxies, we show that capture of stars onpyramid orbits can dominate the feeding of BHs, at least until such a time asthe pyramid orbits are depleted; however this time can be of order a Hubbletime.
机译:我们讨论了在超大质量黑洞(BH)的影响范围内的轨道特性,如果周围的星团是非对称的。有四个主要的轨道族。其中之一是金字塔形轨道,具有有趣的性质,可以任意接近BH。我们推导了轨道平均运动方程,并表明在弱三轴性的极限内,金字塔形轨道是可积的:运动由围绕三轴图形的短轴的轨道主轴的二维自由度组成,偏心率变化由于金字塔轨道占据了相空间的最低角动量区域,因此它们与碰撞损失锥的再填充和共振松弛相竞争,从而向BHs供应物质。普遍的相对论性的前进主导着足够偏心轨道的进动,并且我们证明相对论对偏心率施加了一个上限:相对论进动时间等于转矩改变角动量的时间的值。我们认为,偏心率的上限也应适用于由共振弛豫驱动的演化,这对于低发光星系中极高质量比气旋的速率具有潜在的重要影响。在巨型星系中,我们表明,至少在金字塔轨道被耗尽之前,在金字塔形轨道上捕获恒星可以主导BH的供给。但是这次可以是哈勃时间。

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  • 年度 2010
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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 {"code":"en","name":"English","id":9}
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